CARACAS, Venezuela — Venezuela’s chief prosecutor asked the pro-government Supreme Court on Tuesday to prohibit opposition leader and self-declared interim president Juan Guaidó from leaving the country and to freeze his bank accounts, a day after the United States slapped sweeping sanctions on Venezuela’s state-run oil company.
“We request these preventive measures against Guaidó while we compile elements to stop the events that since January 22 have broken the peace of the Republic,” the prosecutor, Tarek Saab, said in a news conference.
Speaking at the opposition-led National Assembly, which he heads, Guaidó responded to the move by dismissing it as “nothing new under the sun.” He said it came from “a regime that doesn’t give answers to Venezuelans” and whose “only answer is persecution and repression.” Guaidó added: “The world is clear on what’s happening in Venezuela. . . . Let’s not get desist because of threats and persecution. We will continue to advance in our fight.”
The chief prosecutor’s request came after the United States escalated its efforts to unseat leftist President Nicolás Maduro on Monday by punishing the state oil company, PDVSA, in an effort to transfer control over it to the opposition. The U.S. move freezes $7 billion in U.S.-based assets and blocks more than $11 billion in revenue that Venezuela would get from oil sales next year through its U.S.-based company Citgo, which owns three refineries in the United States and employs thousands of workers.
“Today’s designation of PdVSA will help prevent further diverting of Venezuela’s assets by Maduro and preserve these assets for the people of Venezuela,” Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said in a statement Monday. The Treasury Department said money would go to a fund that a transitional government headed by Guaidó would eventually have access to.
On Tuesday, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo also gave Guaidó control over certain Venezuelan government accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Revenue from oil sales to the United States and from Citgo, which imports Venezuela’s heavy crude oil, refines and distributes throughout the United States, is one of the Maduro administration’s main sources of income. These oil sanctions, experts say, constitute the biggest blow that the populist Maduro, who rose to power in 2013 after leftist firebrand Hugo Chávez died and named him his successor, has ever confronted.
“Venezuelan heavy oil is not easy to place. These sanctions leave the government with a tiny maneuvering margin,” said Henkel Garcia, head of local consulting firm Econometrica. “This is not just a big blow to Maduro but also to the Venezuelan people. It will hit the population hard in the short term with scarcity of food and medicines and even of gasoline.”
Venezuela’s government is responsible for more than half the country’s imports of food and medicine. The country, which depends on oil production that has steeply fallen in recent past years, also depends on imports of raw materials to manufacture and distribute basic goods. Even the processing of the country’s heavy crude depends on imports of diluents and additives from the United States.
The sanctions come during a tense week in Venezuela. Overnight protests are surging and are being met with harsh repression. At least 35 people have been killed and more than 800 detained in a week. More protest marches are scheduled this week.
Many Venezuelans are desperate for change as they confront crippling hyperinflation and scarcity of vital medicines, but many worry that U.S. sanctions could make the dramatic situation even worse in the short term.
At a supermarket in central Caracas on Tuesday, people were making nervous purchases amid predictions that food would become scarcer after the sanctions.
Amaury Caraballo, 62, a businessman, said he has been trying to buy more food over the week but that prices are too high to accumulate much. “I support the sanctions because it’s the only way to pressure the regime,” he said. “Everyone in the country is struggling to find food and medicines already. I’m definitely worried the sanctions will harden the situation for us, and I’m getting prepared for it, but I think it will be a good thing in the long term.”
In Washington, speculation about a possible U.S. military intervention grew Monday after White House national security adviser John Bolton appeared at a news conference carrying a yellow notepad bearing the handwritten words, “5,000 troops to Colombia.”
Bolton has maintained that all options remain on the table when it comes to Venezuela, prompting questions about whether the top White House official showed off the notepad purposely as a warning and show of mettle.
Acting defense secretary Patrick Shanahan said Tuesday that he has not spoken with Bolton about the possibility of deploying 5,000 troops to the U.S.-allied nation along Venezuela’s western border. He declined to comment on whether he had spoken to anyone else in the administration about the possible involvement of American troops in the crisis.
“We are supporting, we are monitoring the situation very carefully, and we’re watching,” Shanahan said. “We are working very much in real time.”
Shanahan said the National Security Council, under Bolton’s leadership, has “created a number of options” with regard to Venezuela.
“We support them with their policy development, and as the situation in Venezuela evolves, we are there to give them advice and counsel and support,” he said.
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